Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is a new technology in the field of computer science. “Artificial” means man-made, which is not natural, and “Intelligence” refers to the ability to think and make decisions. Therefore, we can say that making machines like computers make their own decisions is Artificial Intelligence. This could be possible using various computer programming and codes.

In other words, Artificial Intelligence or AI is a field that makes computers behave like humans and make decisions on their own.

Machine learning and natural language processing are all part of Artificial Intelligence. Some advanced hardware and software, along with high-level programming languages, are used in AI applications.

History of Artificial Intelligence

The concept of Artificial Intelligence was introduced back in 1950. Alan Turing, a mathematician and computer scientist designed a machine named “Turing Machine”. This machine can test whether computers can make decisions or not. The test can check the ability of machines to respond like humans.

The year 1956 is considered the birth of Artificial Intelligence. John McCarthy, a computer scientist introduced the word “Artificial Intelligence” in the world of computer science.

Impacts of Artificial Intelligence

AI can have both positive as well as negative impacts on society. The applications of Artificial Intelligence are making human tasks much easier. This could result in the loss of human jobs. The implementation cost of AI is quite high and skilled workers are required for their development.

However, we are expecting a machine that could make human-like decisions, but what will happen if humans lose control of them? Therefore, the impact of Artificial Intelligence is still a matter of debate in society.

Major areas of Artificial Intelligence

There are Three major Areas of Artificial Intelligence:

General Learning: refers to how the system will react to a particular situation.

Reasoning: refers to how the system will choose the correct path in any circumstance.

Problem Solving: refers to making the system self-problem-solving so that the system can find a solution to any difficult problem.

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning

Some people think that the terms Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, and Deep Learning are the same. But these terms are different from one another. Artificial Intelligence is a broad term that can include Machine learning and Deep Learning inside it. Machine learning provides different techniques that would be helpful in achieving the goal of AI. We can say that Machine Learning can be a subset of Artificial Intelligence. However, Deep learning is a subset of Machine Learning. It is used to solve large complex problems using neural networks.

Types of Artificial Intelligence

A is broadly categorized into four types.

• ​Reactive machines: This type of AI has a short memory. They do not store previous memories. The IBM chess game program will be the perfect example of Reactive machines. 
• Limited memory Artificial Intelligence: As the name suggests, it has limited memory. Self-driving cars are examples of Limited Memory AI.
• Theory of mind Artificial Intelligence: These types of AI are under processing. It aims to make machines that can hold human-like emotions and thoughts.
• Self-aware Artificial Intelligence: These are the advanced versions of AI. It is believed that it will be more intelligent than humans.​